Background Q-CEP (Qualificação dos Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa que compõem o Sistema CEP/Conep) is a nationwide project resulting from a partnership between the Brazilian National Research Ethics Commission (Conep), the Ministry of Health and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (HMV). It was developed to consolidate policy for ethical review of research with human beings in all members of the CEP/Conep System, Brazil’s national system of institutional review boards. The aim of this study was therefore to report on the experience and (...) results of the Q-CEP project. Methods An observational, retrospective study includes data from the Q-CEP, obtained from visits to all the institutional research ethics committees (RECs) in the country. The actions implemented by Q-CEP were part of a two-step process: (i) training visits to each REC; (ii) development of distance learning modules on strategic topics pertaining to research ethics evaluation. The data presented herein cover step one (training visits), defined by Q-CEP as the diagnostic stage of the project. For a country with social and economics inequalities such as Brazil, this is a particularly important stage; an accurate picture of reality is needed to inform planning of quality improvement strategies. Results In 2019–2021, Q-CEP visited 832 RECs and trained 11,197 people. This sample covered almost all active RECs in the country; only 4 (0.5%) were not evaluated. Of the 94 items evaluated, 62% did not reach the target of at least 80% compliance and around 1/4 (26%) were below 50% compliance. The diagnostic stage of the process revealed inadequacies on the part of the RECs in their ethical reviews. The analysis of informed consent forms showed compliance in only 131 RECs (15.74%). The description of pending issues made by RECs in their reports was compliant in 19.33% (n = 161). Administrative and operational aspects were also considered inadequate by more than half of the RECs. Conclusions Overall, Brazilian RECs showed poor compliance in several aspects of their operation, both in ethics evaluation and in other processes, which justifies additional training. The Q-CEP project is part of a quality improvement policy promoted by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The data obtained in the diagnostic step of the project have contributed to the qualification and consolidation of one of the world’s largest research ethics evaluation systems. (shrink)

Com o rápido desenvolvimento da técnica e da tecnologia, o campo educacional tem se mostrado estratégico para transformar a racionalidade humana em racionalidade tecnológica, alterando a consecução dos fins da própria Educação. O objetivo do artigo é analisar as contradições entre o processo de reprodução da vida material nas sociedades capitalistas e a perda de liberdade dos indivíduos inseridos e ajustados aos seus critérios e, da mesma forma, o ajustamento dos estudantes às demandas socialmente úteis ao sistema em decorrência da (...) pretensa extinção dos cursos de Ciências Humanas dos currículos, que tende a afastar a Educação de sua prerrogativa fundamental que é educar para a emancipação. A Teoria Crítica do filósofo frankfurtiano Herbert Marcuse refere que o restabelecimento da razão humana é tarefa para uma Pedagogia Radical como forma de resistência em tempos de mercantilização da Educação. Seus argumentos contribuem para uma análise crítica e contextualizada da Educação brasileira em tempos de contrarreformas. (shrink)

Morality has traditionally been described in terms of an impartial and objective “moral law”, and moral psychological research has largely followed in this vein, focusing on abstract moral judgments. But might our moral judgments be shaped not just by what the action is, but who is doing it? We looked at ratings of moral wrongness, manipulating whether the person doing the action was a friend, a refugee, or a stranger. We looked at these ratings across various moral foundations, and conducted (...) the study in Brazil, US, and UK samples. Our most robust and consistent findings are that purity violations were judged more harshly when committed by ingroup members and less harshly when committed by the refugees in comparison to the unspecified agents, the difference between refugee and unspecified agents decays from liberals to conservatives, i.e., conservatives judge them more harshly than liberals do, and Brazilians participants are harsher than the US and UK participants. Our results suggest that purity violations are judged differently according to who committed them and according to the political ideology of the judges. We discuss the findings in light of various theories of groups dynamics, such as moral hypocrisy, moral disengagement, and the black sheep effect. (shrink)

Este artigo é resultado de reflexões emergentes a partir de uma série de conferências que se inscrevem no campo do currículo e da educação infantil. A organização do texto se dá inicialmente pelo debate sobre criança e currículo, retomando as ideias apontadas por John Dewey em um célebre texto que aborda a relação entre estes dois campos, não na perspectiva da oposição, mas da complementaridade. Na sequência, centro a discussão sobre como tenho lido o documento da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (...) - BNCC para a Educação Infantil e de que modo compreendo que este documento pode nos auxiliar para a implementação de princípios, condições e objetivos já anunciados nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação Infantil - DCNEI. Por fim, aponto alguns elementos que podem ser estruturantes para compreender a noção de campos de experiência. (shrink)

Nossos estudos estão voltados à discussão de problemas gerados na práxis pedagógica do Ensinar. Toda análise que envolve o ensino, seja ele em qualquer nível, não pode desmerecer, antes de tudo, uma acurada atenção aos problemas peculiares referentes a essa atividade. Nossas reflexões encontram-se apoiadas nos desafios e estratégias presentes em Heidegger e Deleuze, naquilo que parece ser para ambos o desafio maior de suas filosofias: _ “o que significa pensar?'' _ e suas considerações aplicadas à dimensão educacional.

This paper aims to analyze some of the main themes elaborated by Argentinean thinker Luis Alberto Warat, namely: the waratian anthropophagism, the reunion with the lost subjectivity and carnivalization. In order to achieve so, we examined one of the most valued works of waratian thought: A ciência jurídica e seus dois maridos. Through the undertaken analysis we attempted to develop a critique of traditional paradigms of science, including here the science of law itself. It is given emphasis to the disruptive (...) nature of artistic and literary activities to insinuate the historical failure of the well-established disciplines, dominant thought and culture. Therefore, we seek a greater interaction between what is understood as science and human subjectivity as a whole. (shrink)

Esta contribución examina la solución al problema mente-cuerpo que Kant formula en el marco de su primera explicación causal. Se analiza tanto el planteamiento metafísico como la solución interaccionista de Kant a este problema en su obra sobre las “fuerzas vivas” y, mediante orientaciones metodológicas de la historia intelectual, se contrastan con los planteamientos y soluciones de dos pensadores que influyeron en la formación del pensamiento kantiano: Marquardt y Knutzen, exponentes de algunas de las principales doctrinas causales de la época (...) como la de la armonía preestablecida y el influjo físico. En un sentido, la solución kantiana se plantea como una vía intermedia entre estas dos doctrinas y, en otro, como una postura crítica frente a ambas. (shrink)

A educação básica é majoritariamente oferecida pelo Estado, mas estaticamente atinge números insatisfatórios nos índices do Pisa e IDEB, retratando a baixa qualidade do ensino e o distanciamento das metas pertinentes. O Estado, para alcançar o padrão de qualidade do ensino e ainda manter o dever constitucional da educação, reconhecendo sua incapacidade de prestação da educação, poderia outorgar às escolas particulares a possibilidade de oferta abrangente desse ensino. Esta pesquisa discorre sobre a alternativa de fomento do Poder Público às escolas (...) particulares através do repasse de crédito, vouchers, que seriam utilizados pelos pais para pagar escolas privadas de melhor qualidade. (shrink)

The article is situated in the area of inter-religious dialogue, one of the great paradigms of actual theology. After Vatican Council II, which treated about the salvation of non Christians and of the members of other religions, theology deepened this theme and appeared several proposals for an inter-religious dialogue. For theologians it imposed the challenge of joining the constructive necessity of Jesus Christ for the salvation of all and the place of other religious traditions in God’s salvation plan. The proposal (...) of the French Catholic theologian, Christian Duquoc, which he called postponed symphony, arouses attention to its singularity in affirming the positive side of the divisions and fragments. His approach is situated within the Catholic Theology that emerged after Vatican II, in which there are several prospects for interreligious dialogue. His theology emphasizes the role of the Holy Spirit in building the possible unity in diversity of fragments. The present article evaluates the theological importance of the French theologian’s proposal in favor of inter-religious dialogue. (shrink)

Estableciendo las bases de su primera síntesis precrítica, Kant presenta en la Nova dilucidatio los principios de sucesión y de coexistencia, que, además de hacer posible un conocimiento metafísico de la naturaleza, pretendían ser útiles para la ciencia natural. Ambos son derivados del principio de razón determinante, formulado en el marco de una crítica a Wolff. Estos principios establecen que el mundo está constituido por la totalidad de las substancias conformada por una red dinámica de interconexiones causales, cuyo fundamento último (...) es el esquema relacional con el que el intelecto divino concibe al mundo. (shrink)

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo contribuir, desde el punto de vista de la Kantforschung y empleando los referentes de la Quellengeschichte, al conocimiento de las actitudes del joven Kant ante la metafísica tal y como están expresadas en su más temprana obra sobre las ‘fuerzas vivas’ de 1747-1749. La amplia gama de doctrinas metafísicas que envolvió la formación universitaria de Kant tuvo como su principal característica el pluralismo: aunque podemos distinguir algunas tradiciones filosóficas diferentes entre sí como el aristotelismo neoescolástico, (...) el eclecticismo pietista y el racionalismo wolffiano, durante los años en los que Kant fue un estudiante de la Universidad de Königsberg —e incluso algunos años antes—, contra la creencia tradicional, ninguna orientación doctrinal tuvo predominio alguno. Esta situación plural generó un ambiente intelectual peculiar, diferente al de las otras universidades alemanas, el cual tuvo una relevante influencia sobre las primeras actitudes intelectuales de Kant ante la metafísica. (shrink)

Resumo, abstract e resumen da tese de doutorado.

O desenvolvimento tecnológico promoveu o aumento de produção e compartilhamento de conteúdo em plataformas digitais, sendo difícil gerenciar o acesso adequado a informações. O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir os efeitos do direito ao esquecimento no ambiente digital, considerando o processo de desindexação como estratégia para operacionalizar a efetividade desse direito. Tomando como referências arcabouços teóricos-conceituais acerca da complexidade compósita da informação e de antinomias entre a dignidade da pessoa humana e a liberdade de expressão e o direito à (...) informação, oriundos, respectivamente, da Ciência da Informação e do Direito, analisam-se e discutem-se algumas decisões jurisprudenciais e posicionamentos doutrinários no cenário brasileiro. O direito ao esquecimento está cercado de ambivalências e desafios de ordens normativa, tecnológica e cultural, num compartilhamento de informações em níveis sem precedentes que interferem negativamente na sua efetivação no ambiente digital. (shrink)

O presente artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre as interfaces entre teologia e espiritualidade. Sabe-se que a teologia escolástica se tornou muito especulativa e racional, relegando a espiritualidade à piedade popular e suas devoções. Teólogos modernos redescobrem a dimensão existencial da teologia, uma vez que, enquanto ciência da revelação, ela busca uma linguagem racional coerente para a experiência cristã de Deus. A teologia conjuga fé e razão; a experiência de fé, no entanto, é anterior à reflexão racional que, em última instância, (...) está a serviço da experiência, para iluminá-la e torná-la mais fiel à experiência fundamental da revelação de Jesus Cristo, que se encontra nas Escrituras. Nesse sentido, a espiritualidade emerge como aspecto intrínseco à teologia. A teologia, se permanecer fiel à sua missão, se expressará existencialmente como sapientia fidei. Este artigo trata, portanto, da relação evidente, mas muitas vezes esquecida, entre teologia (discurso racional) e espiritualidade (experiência cristã de Deus), mostrando que a teologia só cumpre o seu papel de serviço à Igreja se conduz o crente à experiência do mistério indizível de Deus que se aproximou de nós em Jesus Cristo. Palavras-chave: Teologia. Experiência de Deus. Espiritualidade. Trindade. Oração.The present article presents a reflection on the connection between theology and spirituality. It is known that scholastic theology became very speculative and rational reducing spirituality to popular piety and its devotions. Modern theologians have rediscovered the existential dimension of theology, once that, being the science of revelation, it seeks a rational language coherent with the Christian experience of God. Theology joins faith and reason – the experience of faith, nonetheless, comes before the rational reflection, which, in last instance, is in benefit of the experience in order to illuminate it and make it more faithful to the fundamental experience of revelation in Jesus Christ, found in the Scriptures. In this sense, spirituality emerges as an intrinsic aspect to theology. Theology, if it is to remain faithful to its mission, expresses itself existentially as sapientia fidei (the wisdom of faith). This article treats, therefore, of the evident relationship, many times forgotten, between theology (rational discourse) and spirituality (Christian experience of God) showing that theology only fulfills its role in service to the Church if it leads the believer to an experience of the undivided mystery of God in the person of Jesus Christ. Keywords: Theology. Experience of God. Spirituality. Trinity. Prayer. (shrink)

En su primera obra, Kant discute la posibilidad de que exista más de un universo. Partiendo del principio de que las substancias tienen una fuerza esencial para actuar fuera de sí y de que ellas se vinculan solo en el ejercicio de esta fuerza, Kant concluye que la totalidad de las substancias vinculadas entre sí conforma un universo. Sin embargo, es perfectamente posible que una substancia exista sin estar vinculada con las substancias de un determinado universo, no formando parte de (...) él, y que lo esté con otras substancias ajenas, conformando con ellas un universo aparte. Pero la posibilidad de múltiples universos requiere que haya espacios de distinta naturaleza o dimensionalidad para que tales universos se mantengan inconexos y sean realmente distintos universos y no partes distantes de un mismo universo. Esto sucede así porque la naturaleza del espacio depende específicamente de la fuerza con la que interactúan las substancias. (shrink)

In this paper I will present textual evidence of a close link between Catullus’ Poems 16 and 5, by exploring a few formal elements that critics have ignored so far. Moreover, after some remarks on the position of Poem 16 inside the libellus, I will discuss the interpretation of this composition, assuming that it refers to 5 (and also 7, by extension) and adding to some scholars’ observations a few of my own.

O tema é discricionariedade nas teorias do positivismo antes e depois de Dworkin desde a crítica hermenêutica do direito e sua teoria da decisão. O problema é: há a possibilidade de uma teoria da decisão no positivismo, seja ele qual for, mantendo-se intactos os seus princípios metodológicos da descrição e da separação entre direito e moral? O objetivo é apresentar a crítica hermenêutica do direito e sua oposição à discricionariedade dos positivismos. A conclusão é a de que a crítica hermenêutica (...) não é apenas negativa com relação aos positivismos, ela é também positiva e construtiva de uma teoria da decisão. (shrink)

Background: This study developed a photo and video database of 4-to-6-year-olds expressing the seven induced and posed universal emotions and a neutral expression. Children participated in photo and video sessions designed to elicit the emotions, and the resulting images were further assessed by independent judges in two rounds. Methods: In the first round, two independent judges, experts in the Facial Action Coding System, firstly analysed 3,668 emotions facial expressions stimuli from 132 children. Both judges reached 100% agreement regarding 1,985 stimuli, (...) which were then selected for a second round of analysis between judges 3 and 4. Results: The result was 1,985 stimuli were produced from 124 participants. A Kappa index of 0.70 and an accuracy of 73% between experts were observed. Lower accuracy was found for emotional expression by 4-year-olds than 6-year-olds. Happiness, disgust and contempt had the highest agreement. After a sub-analysis evaluation of all four judges, 100% agreement was reached for 1,381 stimuli which compound the ChildEFES database with 124 participants and 51% induced photographs. The number of stimuli of each emotion were: 87 for neutrality, 363 for happiness, 170 for disgust, 104 for surprise, 152 for fear, 144 for sadness, 157 for anger 157, and 183 for contempt. Conclusions: The findings show that this photo and video database can facilitate research on the mechanisms involved in early childhood recognition of facial emotions in children, contributing to the understanding of facial emotion recognition deficits which characterise several neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. (shrink)

We present a new functional interpretation, based on a novel assignment of formulas. In contrast with Gödel’s functional “Dialectica” interpretation, the new interpretation does not care for precise witnesses of existential statements, but only for bounds for them. New principles are supported by our interpretation, including the FAN theorem, weak König’s lemma and the lesser limited principle of omniscience. Conspicuous among these principles are also refutations of some laws of classical logic. Notwithstanding, we end up discussing some applications of the (...) new interpretation to theories of classical arithmetic and analysis. (shrink)

In this article we study applications of the bounded functional interpretation to theories of feasible arithmetic and analysis. The main results show that the novel interpretation is sound for considerable generalizations of weak König’s Lemma, even in the presence of very weak induction. Moreover, when this is combined with Cook and Urquhart’s variant of the functional interpretation, one obtains effective versions of conservation results regarding weak König’s Lemma which have been so far only obtained non-constructively.

Aristotle’s Eudemian Ethics has always proved to be fertile ground for at times needless textual emendation. I provide a translation and running commentary on Eudemian Ethics II 2 1220a39–b6 in accordance with the MSS text.

Em As razões do Iluminismo, Sergio Paulo Rouanet refletiu sobre as tendências irracionalistas no Brasil e no mundo, e tentou opor a essas tendências um Iluminismo reformulado. Neste novo livro, dá um conteúdo conceitual mais preciso à idéia iluminista, a partir do funcionamento, em três configurações históricas - a Ilustração, o liberalismo e o socialismo -, dos momentos constitutivos do Iluminismo, que para Rouanet são a universalidade, a individualização e a autonomia.O autor explora sob vários ângulos esse tema, em (...) ensaios de caráter histórico ou teórico, versando tanto sobre a realidade brasileira como sobre a cultura mundial. Numa fase de eclipse das certezas e de exaustão dos paradigmas, Mal-estar na modernidade propõe, não uma alternativa concreta, mas o debate em torno de um caminho possível - uma civilização iluminista. (shrink)

O povo Terena é uma etnia indígena com vasto material de pesquisa e com um número de membros Terena que são pesquisadores e que produz um número considerado de material científico. Atualmente os Terena são uma população de cerca de 28 mil indivíduos no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul e que se distribuem por várias terras indígenas em todo o estado, além de outras em São Paulo e Mato Grosso, bem como em diversas cidades. Sua produção cultural e (...) científica estão em estudo e boa parte destes estudos estão nas plataformas científicas. Este artigo faz o Estado da Arte deste etnoconhecimento, num estudo de revisão sistemática da bibliografia com três descritores: Conhecimento Tradicional, Etnoconhecimento e Terena, onde os dois primeiros são sinônimos e se relacionam com o terceiro. Neste estudo sistemático nos traz a luz as publicações e autores que estudaram e estudam a arte, a ciência e a cultura Terena. Há um amplo conhecimento científico nos conhecimentos tradicionais que há gerações vem sendo passado entre os Terena, parte deste conhecimento está no estado da arte aqui apresentado. (shrink)

We present a refinement ofthe bounded modified realizability which provides both upper and lower bounds for witnesses. Our interpretation is based on a generalisation of Howard/Bezem's notion of strong majorizability. We show how the bounded modified realizability coincides with our interpretation in the case when least elements exist . The new interpretation, however, permits the extraction of more accurate bounds, and provides an ideal setting for dealing directly with data types whose natural ordering is not well-founded.

Realizability notions in mathematical logic have a long history, which can be traced back to the work of Stephen Kleene in the 1940s, aimed at exploring the foundations of intuitionistic logic. Kleene’s initial realizability laid the ground for more sophisticated notions such as Kreisel’s modified realizability and various modern approaches. In this context, our work aligns with the lineage of realizability strategies that emphasize the accumulation, rather than the propagation of precise witnesses. In this paper, we introduce a new notion (...) of realizability, namely herbrandized modified realizability. This novel form of (cumulative) realizability, presented within the framework of semi-intuitionistic logic is based on a recently developed star combinatory calculus, which enables the gathering of witnesses into nonempty finite sets. We also show that the previous analysis can be extended from logic to (Heyting) arithmetic. (shrink)

Background: Chronic Pain (CP) has serious medical and social consequences, and leads to economic burden that threatens the sustainability of healthcare services. Thus, optimized management of pain tools to support CP patients in adjusting to their condition and improving quality of life is timely. Although Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is considered an evidence-based psychological approach for CP, evidence for the efficacy of online-delivered ACT for CP is still scarce. At the same time, studies suggest that self-compassion mediates the change (...) in disability and psychopathological symptoms in ACT interventions for CP, although self-compassion is not a specific target in ACT. Thus, an explicit focus on self-compassion might increase the efficacy of ACT interventions for CP, although this hypothesis has not been tested. This study aims to develop an eHealth ACT and compassion-based self-management intervention for CP, the iACTwithPain, and to compare its efficacy in improving health outcomes to a similar ACT-only intervention and a waiting list group. Methods: The eHealth platform that will host the interventions will be developed using a flat design identity and will be interactive. The iACTwithPain intervention will comprise 8 weekly self-management sessions, and will be developed taking into consideration the psychological flexibility model applied to CP, with the addition of explicit compassion-based components. To analyse whether the iACTwithPain intervention will present superiority in improving CP’s impact and related health markers over the two other conditions, this study will follow a RCT design with three arms. CP patients will be recruited through direct contact with patient associations and healthcare services and a national press release in Portugal. Outcome measurement will be conducted at baseline, post-intervention and at 3- and 6-months follow-ups. The interventions’ acceptability will also be assessed. Discussion: The iACTwithPain intervention is expected to improve CP patients’ psychosocial functioning, quality of life, and empowerment, by promoting adaptive disease management and regulation of pain-related internal experiences. Results will contribute to a better understanding on the pertinence of adding compassion elements to ACT for CP and to reach an optimized intervention for CP. (shrink)

O objetivo deste artigo, de viés ensaístico, é construir uma reflexão e uma conversa teórica sobre a dicotomia entre os dispositivos “natural” e “artificial” em relação ao corpo. A partir dos escritos de Paul Preciado, construímos linhas conceituais para pensar os discursos midiatizados como máquinas de construção de corpos sexuados. Essas máquinas, de modo geral, utilizam-se de uma lógica cisnormativa para constituir um sistema que constantemente se reinscreve sobre os corpos em operações de repetição e de recitação dos códigos binários (...) tidos como naturais (masculino/feminino). É nesse sentido que o dispositivo discursivo midiático que classifica o corpo como natural ou artificial (re)produz um código de legitimação dos corpos, ignorando ou fazendo aparecer o caráter prostético das expressões de gênero. (shrink)

Aristotle says that a fallacy of accident takes place whenever something is held to belong in the same way to an object and to its accident (SE 5 166b28-30). The Received View among interpreters takes “accident” (συμβεβηκός) in that connection to stand for any predicate that is not identical to its subject, and makes the fallacy consist in mistaking predication for identity. Such an analysis, however, gives “accident” a meaning otherwise unattested in the corpus; makes all cases of the fallacy (...) inconclusive, whereas inferences of the same kind are warranted (with a qualification) at different places in the corpus; does not cover cases which in Aristotle’s view fall under the fallacy of accident, for which a different analysis and solution must be provided; and does not square with Aristotle’s own solution in terms of sameness or difference in substance and being. This chapter presents a new take on the subject, grounded on Aristotle’s expressed views in the Sophistical Refutations and other works, according to which the fallacy takes place whenever a substitution of co-extensives, or even of necessary equivalents, makes reciprocation fail to (necessarily) hold between relata. (shrink)

This book highlights some of the most pressing safety, ethical, legal and societal issues related to the diverse contexts in which robotic technologies apply. Focusing on the essential concept of well-being, it addresses topics that are fundamental not only for research, but also for industry and end-users, discussing the challenges in a wide variety of applications, including domestic robots, autonomous manufacturing, personal care robots and drones.

The present article argues that Chrysippus' reply to the objection that Fate does away with that which is up to us (and therefore with justice in honor and punishments) consists in shifting the notion of that which is up to us from one in terms of ultimate origination to one in terms of self-sufficient causation—and thus in shifting the very notion of justice in honor and punishments from one in retributive terms to one in rehabilitative terms.

This text analyzes Diogenianus’ testimony (apud Eus., Praep. Ev. VI 8) as a source for Chrysippus’ reply to an objection leveled against Stoic Fate-determinism. I argue that the objection addressed by Chrysippus in the testimony bears relation to the Idle Argument as reported by both Cicero and Origen but, unlike the Idle Argument, deals with the notions of “that which depends on us” (τὸ παρ’ ἡμᾶς), “that which proceeds from us” (τὸ ἐξ ἡμῶν), and the issue of accountability.

In view of Alexander of Aphrodisias’s and Porphyry’s respective positions on the issue, I discuss whether logos apophantikos is to be defined, as DI 4 seems to imply, by its being true or false or rather, as DI 5 seems to imply, by its representing the ontological combination/separation of substrate and attribute through the logical combination/separation of subject and predicate.

Is the dream of EU endangered? This book reviews classic and modern values and virtues, and uses them in order to rethink Europe's present politics and its future. The idea of the Republic was born with the political ethics of ancient Greece. The current international crisis obliges Europe to face the mirror of truth: What has become of the European Idea and how fares the European Constitution? It has been a long road from the Greek Politeia to the present lack (...) of values and financial monomania in Europe, who seems to have lost any harmony between the spirit, the soul and the body of her Constitution: the will and values of the people (material constitution), the text of the Lisbon Treaty (formal constitution) and its current political interpretation and action (real constitution), making Europe a two-tier or three-tier club, far from the dream of the founding fathers. Without republican values and virtues, and failing to uphold the European social model, the European Union would devolve into moral, social and democratic bankruptcy. (shrink)

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar o papel da sexualidade na antropologia de Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Para tanto, tomaremos como fonte principal o Discurso sobre a origem e os fundamentos da desigualdade entre os homens, mas faremos três pequenas referências em outros textos para aprofundar alguns detalhes. No Fragmento da influência dos climas sobre a civilização, analisaremos o caráter ambivalente da necessidade sexual, no capítulo IX do Ensaio sobre a origem das línguas, analisaremos a questão do incesto, e no Emílio, (...) analisaremos a questão do pudor. Com base nesses textos, podemos afirmar que a sexualidade confere singularidade ao selvagem e desempenha um papel importante no processo de socialização da espécie humana. (shrink)

The aim of this work is to establish a relationship between the notion of supplement, particularly that of “dangerous supplement”, and the passion for botany in Rousseau. For that, I will take as a guide the interpretations of Jacques Derrida, Alain Grosrichard and Alexandra Cook to analyze some passages from Confessions, Reveries and Letters on the botany. I have the hypothesis that botanical activity can be considered as a kind of inoffensive supplement because it evokes an image that combines sex (...) and innocence. (shrink)

O uso da inteligência artificial no Poder Judiciário ainda encontra fortes limitações à luz da compreensão representacional-computacional da mente. A exemplo do projeto pioneiro do juiz robô na Estônia, a dificuldade reside na incapacidade de apreensão da narrativa subjetiva da máquina. Logo, através da experiência do ser-aí-no- mundo de Heidegger, define-se um contraste entre cognição humana e funcionamento computacional. Partindo de uma pesquisa qualitativa e de cunho bibliográfico, busca-se demonstrar a complexidade de conceber dispositivos puramente físicos com inteligências aptas a (...) substituírem juízes por robôs. Conclui-se que ainda não há tecnologia capaz de substituir a ciência cognitiva heideggeriana do Dasein. (shrink)

The present paper draws a contrast between the notions of τὸ παρ’ ἡμᾶς and τὸ ἐφ’ ἡμῖν to the effect that, according to Chrysippus, each has a different role to play and different requirements to meet, the former being especially tailored to suit the exigencies of praise and blame taken as exhortations, the latter those of desert and justice in praising and blaming as well as honoring and punishing.